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Journal of Human Lactation, Vol. 14, No. 1, 15-22 (1998)
DOI: 10.1177/089033449801400110

WIC-Based Interventions to Promote Breastfeeding Among African-American Women in Baltimore: Effects on Breastfeeding Initiation and Continuation

Laura E. Caulfield, PhD

Center for Human Nutrition, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Room 2041, 615 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.

Susan M. Gross, PhD

Department of Maternal and Child Health, JHU.

Margaret E. Bentley, PhD

Center for Human Nutrition, JHU.

Yvonne Bronner, ScD

Department of Maternal and Child Health, JHU.

Lisa Kessler, DrPH

Department of Community and Health Education, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD.

Joan Jensen, MPH

The Johns Hopkins Hospital

Benita Weathers, MPH

Department of Maternal and Child Health, JHU.

David M. Paige, MD, MPH

Johns Hopkins WIC; Department of Maternal and Child Health, JHU.

We evaluated the single and combined effects of introducing a motivational video and peer counseling into four matched WIC clinics on breastfeeding initiation and continuation at 7-10 days among African-American WIC participants. Of the 242 women with complete data, 48% initiated breastfeeding, but only 31% were still breastfeeding at 7-10 days. Initiation was associated with cesarean delivery, infant feeding instruction, no artificial milk discharge pack, attending the peer counselor only-intervention site, and intention to breastfeed. Continuation was influenced by infant feeding instruction, no artificial milk discharge pack, and intention to breastfeed. Overall, trends toward a positive impact of the breastfeeding promotion activities were evident but weak, and largely gone by 7-10 days postpartum.

Key Words: breastfeeding promotion • lactation • WIC • African-American • peer counselor


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