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Journal of Human Lactation, Vol. 17, No. 4, 313-320 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/089033440101700405

Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Era of AIDS

Marina de Paoli, MSc

Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, 0316 Oslo, Norway.

Rachel Manongi, MD, Msc

Community Health Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College.

Elisabet Helsing, PhD

Norwegian Board of Health, and part time lecturer, Institute of Nutrition Research, University of Oslo.

Knut-Inge Klepp, PhD, MPH

Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo.

The aim of this studywas to describe breastfeeding practices, as well as what pregnantwomen knowabout breastfeeding and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, and explore factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding, especially in the presence of HIV/AIDS. A cross-sectional interviewsurvey of 500 pregnantwomenwas conducted in the Kilimanjaro region, supplemented by focus group discussions with pregnant women. Among the 309 mothers having previously breastfed, 85% had initiated breastfeeding within the first few hours postpartum, and 18% of newborns received some prelacteal food. Mean duration of breastfeedingwas 23.7 months, but 46% of mothers had introduced other fluids early. Knowledge of HIV-transmission through breastfeeding was not associated with breastfeeding practices. Marriedwomen (odds ratio [OR] = .09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .04-.24) and those having knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding (OR = .08, 95% CI = .02-.31) were the least likely to end exclusive breastfeeding early. Exclusive breastfeeding is a rare practice, and MTCT of HIV may further complicate recommendations with regard to this practice.

Key Words: breastfeeding • exclusive breastfeeding • infant feeding • prelacteal food • motherto-child transmission • sociodemographic differences • Tanzania


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