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Journal of Human Lactation, Vol. 18, No. 1, 13-20 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/089033440201800103

Cup-Feeding for Preterm Infants: Mechanics and Safety

Donna A. Dowling, RN, PhD

Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Paula P. Meier, RN, DNSc

Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center in Chicago, Illinois.

Juliann M. DiFiore, BSEE

Mary Ann Blatz, RNC, MSN, IBCLC

Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio.

Richard J. Martin, MD

Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio.

Cup-feedingis recommended for breastfed preterm infants to avoid artificial nipples. However, the oral mechanisms used in cup-feeding, or its safety and efficacy, have not been described. The authors measured sipping, breathing, Sa0 2,band volume of intake during15 cupfeeding sessions for 8 infants (mean gestational age at birthwas 30.6 weeks). Mean duration of sippingb ursts and pauseswas 3.6 seconds and 28.1 seconds, respectively. Mean breathingrate duringb ursts and pauses was similar (46.2 ± 24.3 vs 45.7 ± 17.7, respectively), with Sa02 = 90% duringall bursts. Mean duration of cup-feedings was 15.2 ± 3.9 minutes (range, 11.0-23.3), whereas mean volume of intake was only 4.6 ± 2.2 mL (range, 1.5-8). For the 15 sessions, 38.5% of milk taken from the cup was recovered on the bib. Although infants remain physiologically stable, cup-feeding has questionable efficacy and efficiency. Differentiating between actual intake versus spillage of milk merits attention.

Key Words: breastfeeding • preterm infant • feeding efficacy • alternative feeding methods • cup-feeding


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