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Association Between Smoking During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding at About 2 Weeks of Age

Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South, Denver, CO 80246-1530, USA.

Kenneth D. Rosenberg, MD, MPH

Oregon Department of Human Services, Office of Family Health; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine at Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.

Liangrong Wu, MA, MPH

Multnomah County Community Justice Department, Portland, Oregon.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy may decrease breastfeeding, in part perhaps by decreasing milk supply; furthermore, prenatal smoking is a predictor of postpartum smoking. In this study, birth certificate data, including maternal smoking, for 1998 Oregon resident live births were linked to newborn screening data obtained from Oregon's Newborn Screening Program (NSP), allowing study of risk factors for failure to breastfeed. NSP collects information on infant feeding before newborn discharge and again at about 2 weeks postpartum. Feeding data and risk factor data were available after a probability match of the newborn screening and birth certificate data sets, respectively, for 36,324 (80.3%) of the 45,228 resident live births. Prenatal maternal tobacco use was significantly associated with failure to exclusively breastfeed at about 2 weeks of age (adjusted odds ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval = 1.94, 2.21). Women who smoked during pregnancy were less likely to breastfeed thanwomen who did not smoke during pregnancy.

Key Words: pregnancy • human • maternal smoking • breastfeeding • model • probabilistic • linkages • birth certificate data • newborn screening data

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