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Biochemical Analysis of Human Milk Treated With Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, an Alkyl Sulfate Microbicide That Inactivates Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology at Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Brian Wigdahl, PhD

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease at Drexel University College of Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Elizabeth B. Neely, BS

Department of Neurosurgery of the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center in Hershey, Pennsylvania

Cheston M. Berlin, MD

Pennsylvania State University Children’s Hospital, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center

Cara-Lynne Schengrund, PhD

Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine

Hung-Mo Lin, PhD

Department of Health Evaluation Sciences at Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine

Mary K. Howett, PhD

Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Reduction of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through human milk is needed. Alkyl sulfates such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are microbicidal against HIV-1 at low concentrations, have little to no toxicity, and are inexpensive. The authors have reported that treatment of HIV-1-infected human milk with 1% (10 mg/mL) SDS for 10 minutes inactivates cell-free and cell-associated virus. The SDS can be removed with a commercially available resin after treatment without recovery of viral infectivity. In this article, the authors report results of selective biochemical analyses (ie, protein, immunoglobulins, lipids, cells, and electrolytes) of human milk subjected to SDS treatment and removal. The SDS treatment or removal had no significant effects on the milk components studied. Therefore, the use of alkyl sulfate microbicides to treat milk from HIV-1-positive women may be a simple, practical, and nutritionally sound way to prevent or reduce transmission of HIV-1 while still feeding with mother’s own milk.

Key Words: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) • human milk • breastfeeding • microbicides • sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) • mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) • vertical transmission • prevention

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