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Concentrations of Methadone in Breast Milk and Plasma in the Immediate Perinatal Period

Center for Addiction and Pregnancy, Baltimore, MD

Robin E. Choo, PhD

National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD

Cheryl Harrow, RNC, IBCLC, MSN, CRNP

Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center full-term nursery, Baltimore, MD

Martha Velez, Center for Addiction and Pregnancy, Baltimore, MD

Jennifer R. Schroeder, PhD

National Institute on Drug Abuse intramural clinical research program, Baltimore, MD

Ross Lowe, PhD

Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, IRP, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD

Marilyn A. Huestis, PhD

National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD

This study evaluates concentrations of methadone in breast milk and plasma among a sample of methadone-maintained women in the immediate perinatal period. Twelve methadone-maintained, lactating women provided blood and breast milk specimens 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after delivery. Specimens were collected at the time of trough (just before methadone dose) and peak (3 hours after dosing) maternal methadone levels. Paired specimens of foremilk (prefeed) and hindmilk (postfeed) were obtained at each sampling time. Although there was a significant increase in methadone concentration in breast milk over time for the peak postfeed sampling time, t (22) = 2.40, P = .0255, methadone concentrations in breast milk were small, ranging from 21 to 314 ng/mL, and were unrelated to maternal methadone dose. Results obtained from this study contribute to the recommendation of breastfeeding for methadone-maintained women regardless of methadone dose. J Hum Lact. 23(2):184-190.

Key Words: methadone • breastfeeding • lactation • breast milk

Journal of Human Lactation, Vol. 23, No. 2, 184-190 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0890334407300336


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				L. M. Jansson, R. Choo, M. L. Velez, C. Harrow, J. R. Schroeder, D. M. Shakleya, and M. A. Huestis Methadone Maintenance and Breastfeeding in the Neonatal Period Pediatrics, January 1, 2008; 121(1): 106 - 114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]