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Journal of Human Lactation, Vol. 22, No. 1,
27-38 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0890334405284333
Barriers to Compliance With Infant-Feeding Recommendations Among Low-income Women
M. Jane Heinig, PhD, IBCLC
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, Human Lactation Center, University of California, Davis, California, Maternal Infant Nutrition Group, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Davis, California
Jennifer R. Follett, PhD
Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture
Kara D. Ishii, MSW
Human Lactation Center, University of California, Davis, California
Katherine Kavanagh-Prochaska, MS, RD
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
Roberta Cohen, PhD
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
Jeanette Panchula, BSW, RN, PhN, IBCLC
Solano County Health and Social Services in Fairfield, California, California statewide WIC program, Model Breastfeeding Policies Committee
Focus groups were used to examine relationships among maternal beliefs, feeding intentions, and infant-feeding behaviors among 65 Women, Infants and Children-eligible (28 English-speaking and 37 Spanish-speaking) mothers. Participants shared common beliefs that breast-feeding was beneficial; nevertheless, many believed that early introduction of formula and solid foods was unavoidable in certain situations. Medical providers and Women, Infants and Children staff were sources of infant-feeding information, and the Spanish-speaking mothers attempted to adhere to the guidance. However, the English-speaking mothers often ignored this advice if it was not perceived as working for the family’s circumstances. Mothers, believing that providers would not understand that they were compelled to reject infant-feeding recommendations, would not ask for assistance when facing difficulties. Instead, mothers relied on relatives and others for infant-feeding guidance. Educational efforts should acknowledge mothers’ true circumstances, target support to each situation, and emphasize the health value of complementary foods rather than their association with infant motor development.
Key Words: breastfeeding • solid food introduction • infant feeding • control beliefs • knowledge • intentions • plans • decisions • postpartum practices • qualitative study • focus groups • theory of planned behavior • Women • Infants and Children (WIC) • California
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