Journal of Human Lactation current issue

Achieving Work/Life Balance as a Lactation Consultant

Heinig, M. J. — 2008-04-24

Essential Leadership Skills, Part II

Mannel, R. — 2008-04-24

Synthesizing Breastfeeding Research: A Commentary on the Use of Women's Ways of Knowing

Ordway, M. R. — 2008-04-24

Breastfeeding Rates in Iran: Why Is There Such a Large Gap Between Iran and Other Countries?

Maddah, M. — 2008-04-24

Promotion of WHO Feeding Recommendations: A Model Evaluating the Effects on HIV-Free Survival in African Children

David, S., Abbas-Chorfa, F., Vanhems, P., Vallin, B., Iwaz, J., Ecochard, R. — 2008-04-24

In Africa, HIV and feeding practices deeply affect child mortality. To prevent mother-to-child transmission, the World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and replacement feeding when acceptable, feasible, affordable, and sustainable. Determining the proportion and number of children saved with exclusive breastfeeding and replacement feeding is essential to design and implement crucial nationwide policies. Using data on 31 sub-Saharan countries and a decision tree for risk assessment, the authors estimated the number of children's lives potentially saved according to 6 scenarios that combine exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months or replacement feeding with 3 promotion strategies. Among all HIV-negative children born to HIV-positive mothers who die in sub-Saharan Africa per year, 52 315 (9.6%) would be saved yearly with exclusive breastfeeding versus 21 638 (4.0%) with replacement feeding. Promotion support would double these numbers (110 625 vs 45 330; ie, 20.3% vs 8.3%), and with additional prenatal group education, 132 633 versus 54 192 lives would be saved (24.3% vs 9.9%). Wherever replacement feeding is not possible, exclusive breastfeeding with promotion support and prenatal group education would save 1 of 4 exposed children. J Hum Lact . 24(2):140-149.

The Association Between an Electric Pump Loan Program and the Timing of Requests for Formula by Working Mothers in WIC

Meehan, K., Harrison, G. G., Afifi, A. A., Nickel, N., Jenks, E., Ramirez, A. — 2008-04-24

An electric pump loan program designed to facilitate breastfeeding for low-income mothers returning to full-time work was evaluated. All mothers were WIC participants in the Los Angeles area. Electric pump loans were made until the infant's first birthday or until the mother requested formula from WIC. Information was provided to employers on supporting breastfeeding in the workplace. A subsample of mothers who received an electric pump on return to full-time work was compared with counterparts in a wait list control group. Mothers who received an electric pump as soon as requested did not request formula until 8.8 months on average, whereas those who did not receive an electric pump requested formula on average at 4.8 months (P < .0001). Mothers who received an electric pump when requested were 5.5 (95% CI 2.0-15.1) times as likely as mothers who did not receive an electric pump to not request formula at 6 months. J Hum Lact. 24(2):150-158.

Nutrient Composition of Hindmilk Produced by Mothers of Very Low Birth Weight Infants Born at Less Than 28 Weeks' Gestation

Bishara, R., Dunn, M. S., Merko, S. E., Darling, P. — 2008-04-24

The objectives of this study were to describe and compare retinol, -tocopherol and -tocopherol, fat, energy, and nitrogen concentrations between the foremilk and hindmilk fractions of 24-hour milk collected by 24 mothers of very preterm (< 28 weeks' gestation) infants and to relate milk vitamins A and E content to maternal vitamin intake. Concentrations of retinol were significantly higher in hindmilk than in foremilk (1.6-fold), as were concentrations of -tocopherol (1.6-fold), -tocopherol (1.5-fold), fat (1.7-fold), energy (1.3-fold), and nitrogen (1.05-fold). Retinol, -tocopherol, and -tocopherol were positively related (P < .05) to milk fat and energy but not to maternal intake. Estimates of vitamins A and E intakes of infants fed hindmilk with added human milk fortifier surpassed current recommended upper level of intakes. The higher fat-soluble vitamin content of hindmilk produced by mothers of very low birth weight infants needs to be considered in the design and recommendations for use of human milk fortifier. J Hum Lact . 24(2):159-167.

Early Interruption of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Associated Factors, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil

2008-04-24

Many reports about breastfeeding prevalence and factors associated with weaning have been published in the scientific literature. However, the influence of newborn feeding practices on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding has received less attention. This study provides information about the introduction of liquids, other than the mother's milk, to infants in the first 6 months and factors associated with this practice. J Hum Lact. 24(2):168-174.

Race, Education, and Breastfeeding Initiation in Louisiana, 2000-2004

Chin, A. C., Myers, L., Magnus, J. H. — 2008-04-24

Although it is well documented that race and education are associated with breastfeeding initiation, the possible interaction between these 2 demographic variables has not been explored in a geographically stable, biracial population. This study explores the relationship between race, education, and breastfeeding among women in Louisiana. J Hum Lact. 24(2):175-185.

Attitudes, Knowledge, and Intentions Related to Breastfeeding Among University Undergraduate Women and Men

Marrone, S., Vogeltanz-Holm, N., Holm, J. — 2008-04-24

The purpose of the current study was to examine university undergraduate women's and men's attitudes and knowledge toward breastfeeding. Data were gathered for 111 women and 50 men. Data showed a significant relationship between positive attitudes toward breastfeeding and exposure to breastfeeding. Women and participants older than 20 years scored higher on measures of knowledge and attitudes. Results indicated that positive attitude toward breastfeeding was a significant predictor of intention to breastfeed among women and men. In conclusion, the results suggest that understanding attitudes among young adults is an important line of research. Further studies are needed to develop and evaluate interventions aimed at improving attitudes about breastfeeding and increasing initiation of breastfeeding among this population. J Hum Lact. 24(2):186-192.

Breastfeeding Promotion: A Rational and Achievable Target for a Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Intervention in Native American Communities

Murphy, S., Wilson, C. — 2008-04-24

Type 2 diabetes is a serious, costly, and increasingly common disease among Native American communities. Increasing evidence suggests that early infant nutrition, particularly breastfeeding, may have a significant impact on the development of diabetes in later life. In this report, the authors describe the scientific basis and development of an innovative program that targets promotion of breastfeeding among Native women as a type 2 diabetes prevention intervention. The program materials, evaluation methods, and outcomes are presented. By developing and sharing strategies that effectively support breastfeeding, the impact of diabetes in Native American communities will be reduced. J Hum Lact. 24(2):193-198.

Belly Models as Teaching Tools: What Is Their Utility?

Spangler, A. K., Randenberg, A. L., Brenner, M. G., Howett, M. — 2008-04-24

Marble/ball models are often used to represent newborn stomach capacity; however, their accuracy has not been determined. The objective of this review was to analyze data on newborn stomach capacity and determine whether marble/ball models serve as accurate representations. A literature search yielded limited data, most emanating from the early 1900s. Data suggest that anatomic capacity of the newborn stomach varies with the birth weight of the infant. Physiologic capacity bears no relation to anatomic capacity of the newborn stomach but is a measure of the ability of the mother to produce milk and the newborn to ingest milk. Given the wide range of feeding volumes on days 1 and 3 and the reported 8-fold increase in average feeding volume during the same time period, it is best to acknowledge that feeding volumes like anatomic stomach capacity vary widely and do not lend well to visual representation by marble/ball models. J Hum Lact. 24(2):199-205.

Is Breastfeeding Fair? Tensions in Feminist Perspectives on Breastfeeding and the Family

McCarter-Spaulding, D. — 2008-04-24

Breastfeeding is widely acknowledged to have health benefits for mothers and infants. Because it is sex-specific, it challenges the feminist principle of gender-neutral childbearing. Various feminist theories addressing breastfeeding from the perspective of gender ideology, cultural feminism, and history are reviewed and contrasted. Employment and race disparities are addressed within feminist contexts. Feminist health activism is suggested as a unifying perspective. J Hum Lact. 24(2):206-212.

Independent Study Module for Lactation Consultants

2008-04-24

A Case of Well-Established Breastfeeding for a 61-Year-Old Woman After Menopause

Emmersen, P. B., Kronborg, V. H., Illeborg, L., Mathiesen, E. R. — 2008-04-24

During recent years, an increasing number of women who have become pregnant after fertility treatment, including oocyte transplantation, have presented at obstetric departments. A number of these women want to breastfeed their children even though they are postmenopausal. However, whether this is possible has remained doubtful, and any possible special needs in establishing their breastfeeding are not described. The experience of establishing breastfeeding in a postmenopausal woman aged 61 years is reported. J Hum Lact. 24(2):217-218.

ILCA's Inside Track: Take Care of Your Breastfed Baby's Teeth

Peterson, A., Chandler, S. — 2008-04-24

Association News

Brooks, L. — 2008-04-24

JHL Notes

2008-04-24

Recent References

2008-04-24